第三十四课　动词不定式（一）

一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们学习动词加上 to, t-o, to 再加上另外一个动词的用法, 比方 "拒绝参加" refuse to join, "要求得到" demand to get 等等. 我们还要学习许多 关于工会的词汇.

首先我们来听今天这一课的对话,内容是说凯特和他的同事比尔谈起了参加 教师工会的事情, 请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调.

F: Are you going to the union meeting tonight?

M: No, I refused to join a union. It's not professional.

F: I used to think that way, but not anymore. The union is here to stay, and I think it is a good thing.

M: Why do we need to have a union?

F: They communicate our views to the school board.

M: They demand to get more money and lighter workloads.

F: They work to get better learning situations for our students.

M: Like what?

F: They managed to get the school board to control class size and offer more courses.

M: Yes, they were helpful in those cases, but I still don't want to join the union.

现在我请英文老师用慢速度再把整段对话念一遍.

F: Are you going to the union meeting tonight?

M: No, I refused to join a union. It's not professional.

F: I used to think that way, but not anymore. The union is here to stay, and I think it is a good thing.

M: Why do we need to have a union?

F: They communicate our views to the school board.

M: They demand to get more money and lighter workloads.

F: They work to get better learning situations for our students.

M: Like what?

F: They managed to get the school board to control class size and offer more courses.

M: Yes, they were helpful in those cases, but I still don't want to join the union.

下面我们再把对话里包含了今天要学的语法的句子挑出来, 用慢速度念一遍 给你听.

M: I refuse to join a union. I don't want to join the union.

F: I used to think that way.

M: Why do we need to have a union?

M: They demand to get more money.

F: They work to get better learning situations.

F: They managed to get the school board to control class size.

二.NEED TO

听了上面那些句子, 我想你已经注意到用 to 连接的两个动词可以用来说明同 一个主语. 现在我们作几组练习, 多学学这类动词词组. 首先我们学习 need to have. 比方 "工人需要减轻工作量." 这句话英文可以这样说: Workers need to have lighter workloads.

下面英文老师用 need to have 作一些句子, 说明工人需要有什么, 比方 "较高 的工资" higher wages, "小额优惠" fringe benefits, "职业保障" job protection, "退休金" retirement pension,"工会代表" union representatives 等等. 你注意听 老师念句子, 并且跟着学生把句子重复一遍.

M: Workers need to have higher wages.

F: Workers need to have higher wages.

M: Workers need to have better working conditions.

F: Workers need to have better working conditions.

M: Workers need to have more fringe benefits.

F: Workers need to have more fringe benefits.

M: Workers need to have job protection.

F: Workers need to have job protection.

M: Workers need to have retirement pension.

F: Workers need to have retirement pension.

M: Workers need to have unions.

F: Workers need to have unions.

M: Workers need to have representatives.

F: Workers need to have representatives.

三.DEMAND TO GET, ARE ALLOWED TO 和 WANT TO

刚才那些新词汇如果你还不太熟没有关系. 现在我们作一组代换练习把这些 词汇练习一下; 不过这次我请英文老师用 "需要得到" demand to get 作句子.

练习的作法是老师念一个句子, 接着老师念出一个词组, 学生就把词组代换 到原来的句子里. 在学生作练习的时候, 请你也一起作.

M: Workers demand to get higher wages.

M: better working conditions

F: Workers demand to get better working conditions.

M: more fringe benefits

F: Workers demand to get more fringe benefits.

M: job protection

F: Workers demand to get job protection.

M: retirement pension

F: Workers demand to get retirement pension.

M: lighter workloads

F: Workers demand to get lighter workloads 下面我们练习用 are allowed to 加上另外一个动词作一些被动语态句子,说明 美国法律准许工人作什么事, 比方 "组织工会" form a union, "表示意见" express opinions, "组织罢工" organize a strike, "跟资方讨价还价" bargain with the management 等等. 老师念第一个句子之后, 接着老师会念出一些词 组,请你把你听到的代换到原来的句子里. 每作完一句, 老师会把句子再念一 遍给你听. 我们现在开始.

M: Workers are allowed to form a union.

M: select their representatives

F: Workers are allowed to select their representatives.

M: express their opinions

F: Workers are allowed to express their opinions.

M: organize a strike

F: Workers are allowed to organize a strike.

M: bargain with the management

F: Workers are allowed to bargain with the management.

下面我们用 want to 加上另外一个动词作一些句子, 学学工会要作些什么事 情. 在这组练习里你不但可以复习语法, 也可以学到一些有用的词汇, 比方 "改善" improve, "磋商" negotiate, "吸收新会员" recruit new members 等等.

现在请你注意听老师念句子, 每念完一句就请你跟着学生一起把句子重复 一遍.

M: The unions want to represent workers.

F: The unions want to represent workers.

M: The unions want to recruit new members.

F: The unions want to recruit new members.

M: The unions want to improve workers' working situations.

F: The unions want to improve workers' working situations.

M: The unions want to negotiate with the management.

F: The unions want to negotiate with the management.

M: The unions want to communicate with the management.

F: The unions want to c