第四十二课　虚拟语气（二）

一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们要学习用 "如果" if, i-f, if 作假设性的句子来表达跟现在的情 况相反的条件和结果. 比方你的好朋友邀请你跟他一起去看电影,可是你必须 念书, 不能去, 所以你就告诉他: "如果不是我得念书, 我就跟你去看电影." 这 句话英文应该这么说: If I didn't have to study, I would go to the movies with you.

现在我们来听英文老师念一段对话, 多举几个例子给你听. 对话的内容是说 凯特的父母搬到佛罗里达州, 凯特很想念他们,亨利想法子安慰她的情况. 请 你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调.

F: I miss my folks. I wish we could see them.

M: Well, if they lived closer, we would see them more often.

F: If we owned a bigger house, they could live with us.

M: You know they would never do that. They would feel that they were intruding.

F: You're right. But I wish I were with them now. Let's go visit them.

M: All the way to Florida? We could if we didn't have to work and if the kids didn't have school.

F: Maybe they will come to visit us when it gets warmer.

M: I'm sure they will. Maybe we can go there to see them this summer on vacation.

Meanwhile, why don't you call them on the phone?

F: I just did. That's why I miss them so much right now.

现在老师用慢速度再把整个对话念一遍.

F: I miss my folks. I wish we could see them.

M: Well, if they lived closer, we would see them more often.

F: If we owned a bigger house, they could live with us.

M: You know they would never do that. They would feel that they were intruding.

F: You're right. But I wish I were with them now. Let's go visit them.

M: All the way to Florida? We could if we didn't have to work and if the kids didn't have school.

F: Maybe they will come to visit us when it gets warmer.

M: I'm sure they will. Maybe we can go there to see them this summer on vacation.

Meanwhile, why don't you call them on the phone?

F: I just did. That's why I miss them so much right now.

现在我把对话里包含今天要学的语法的句子挑出来,请老师再念一遍给你听.

M: If they lived closer, we would see them more often.

F: If we owned a bigger house, they could live with us.

M: If they lived with us, they would feel that they were intruding.

M: We could if we didn't have to work and if the kids didn't have school.

二.用 IF 引导跟现在事实相反的情况

听了上面那些句子, 你可能已经注意到怎么表达跟现在事实相反的情况.在下 面一组练习里你可以更仔细地把事实跟假设作个比较. 练习的作法是亨利用 现在时态说一句话, 比方 "我们没有大房子. 他们不能跟我们一起住." We don't have a big house. They cannot live with us. 接着凯特就用过去时态把句 子改成:"如果我们有大房子,他们就可以跟我们一块住." If we had a big house, they could live with us.这组练习的内容都是说到凯特的愿望.这些愿望都跟凯 特的父母有关系. 练习里有些词汇可能你不熟, 比方"照顾他们" take care of them,"照料他们自己" look after themselves, "陪伴他们" keep the company 等 等.请你在听老师念句子的时候一方面注意语法的变化, 一方面注意词汇.

M: We don't have a big house. They cannot live with us.

F: If we had a big house, they could live with us.

M: They don't live with us. We cannot see them everyday.

F: If they lived with us. We could see them everyday.

M: We don't see them every day. We cannot take care of them.

F: If we saw them everyday, we could take care of them.

M: They are not young. They cannot look after themselves.

F: If they were young, they could look after themselves.

M: We have jobs in Seattle. We cannot move to Florida.

F: If we didn't have jobs in Seattle, we could move to Florida.

M: Long distance phone calls are expensive. We cannot talk to them everyday.

F: If long distance phone calls weren't expensive, we could talk to them everyday.

M: We are busy. We cannot go to visit them.

F: If we weren't busy, we could go to visit them.

M: Our kids have to go to school. They cannot visit the grandparents.

F: If our kids didn't have to go to school, they could visit the grandparents.

M: We cannot visit them. We cannot keep them company.

F: If we could visit them, we could keep them company.

M: We are not there with them. We cannot buy groceries for them.

F: If we were there with them, we could buy groceries for them.

M: We are not living with them. We cannot do their laundry for them.

F: If we were living with them, we could do their laundry for them.

在用过去时态表达跟目前相反的情况的时候,be动词一律用were,w-e-r-e, were.

比方凯特不住在佛罗里达州, 所以她不能够照顾父母. 她可以这样说: I am not in Florida. I cannot take care of them. 要是把这句话改成: "如果我在那儿, 我就 可以照顾他们." 英文就应该这样说: I could take care of them if I were there. 下 面我们作一组代换练习学学这种说法, 同时复习刚才那组练习里的一些词汇.

现在请你注意听凯特说一句话, 接着老师念一个词组,请你跟凯特一起把词组 代换到前半个句子里.

F: I could take care of them if I were there.

M: look after them.

F: I could look after them if I were there.

M: keep them company

F: I could keep them company if I were there.

M: help them

F: I could help them if I were there.

M: cook for them

F: I could cook for them if I were there.

M: buy groceries for them

F: I could buy groceries for them if I were there.

M: do their laundry

F: I could do their laundry if I were there.

M: take them shopping

F: I could take them shopping if I w