The Greatest Experience: Ed White Goes for the First American Walk in Space

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Written by Marilyn Christiano

EXPLORATIONS -- a program in Special English by the Voice of America.

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Today, Harry Monroe and Tony Riggs report about America's second manned space program, Gemini.  Two astronauts flew on each flight.  Gemini's purpose was to bring the United States closer to its goal of landing astronauts on the moon.

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VOICE ONE:

The astronauts of America's first manned program, Project Mercury, made six successful flights.  They proved that people could survive the hostile environment of space.  

Ed White was the first American to walk in space

In nineteen sixty-five America's space agency, NASA, was ready to begin its second manned program.  NASA called it Gemini.  The program was named for the two stars Castor and Pollux in the star group Gemini.  The Gemini program would send two astronauts at a time into space.

Gemini would test the men's ability to live and work in space.

Gemini, it was hoped, would move America closer to its goal of landing astronauts on the moon.

VOICE TWO:

The first Gemini spacecraft would carry astronauts Virgil Grissom and John Young.  Its Titan rocket could lift three times as much weight into space as the Atlas rocket used for the Mercury flights.  The launch took place without a problem on March twenty-third, nineteen sixty-five.

		Gemini 3 lifts off

Grissom and Young orbited the Earth only three times.  But they did something that the Mercury astronauts had not been able to do.  They changed their orbit while in space.  The Gemini astronauts were developing the control that would be needed for a trip to the moon.

Less than two months later, James McDivitt and Ed White went into space on the second Gemini flight.  Their flight included several experiments.  But one seemed almost unbelievable -- a space walk.

Ed White would leave the protection of the spacecraft and move out into the unknown emptiness of space.

VOICE ONE:

When it was time for him to leave the spacecraft, this is what the world heard:  "Roger, Flight, we're GO."  Those were the words from the flight director on the ground.

Then a voice came down from space.  "He is ready to leave right now," called McDivitt.  The astronauts had removed all air pressure from the spacecraft.  Only their special space clothing would provide the air pressure they needed to stay alive.

VOICE TWO:

Slowly, Ed White moved out the open door.  He was tied to the spacecraft by a long rope.  He floated out and away from the spacecraft.  Millions of people listened as he said, "This is the greatest experience.  I am looking down right now.  And it looks like we are coming up on the coast of California."

At space agency headquarters, doctors studied his medical condition as the information was being sent back to Earth.  They said that being outside the spacecraft did not seem to affect him.

VOICE ONE:

It was time for Ed White to end his space walk.  James McDivitt had to beg him to return.  White was having a wonderful time.  He wanted to stay out longer.  Finally, he climbed back inside.  He had floated around in the emptiness of space for twenty-one minutes.

Then a problem developed.  The door of the spacecraft refused to shut tightly.  The astronauts' clothing protected them during the flight.  But what would happen during re-entry?  James McDivitt had to try to repair the door.

VOICE TWO:

Scientists always knew it would not be easy for humans to work in the weightlessness of space.  Each time an astronaut puts pressure in one direction, their body moves in the opposite direction.  There is no gravity to hold them in place.

NASA scientists had tried to solve the problem by designing new tools for use in space.  McDivitt tried one of the new tools.  It worked.  He was able to repair the broken door so it shut tightly.

VOICE ONE:

Solving this problem, however, created a new one.  The astronauts had planned to re-open the door during their four-day flight. They had planned to throw away materials they no longer needed, including uneaten food.  But now they decided it would not be wise to re-open the door.

Soon, the inside of the spacecraft began to fill up with all kinds of junk.  McDivitt and White had to learn to sleep and work as things floated around their heads.

VOICE TWO:

On the sixty-second orbit, the astronauts prepared to return to Earth.  They fired the spacecraft's control rockets.  The spacecraft slowed and began to re-enter the atmosphere.  It landed safely in the Atlantic Ocean.

Rescue helicopters reached McDivitt and White within seven minutes of landing.  The two American astronauts were in excellent condition.  They had made the first space walk.  And they had proved that people could both live and work in space.

VOICE ONE:

The next Gemini launch was planned for just two months later. Gordon Cooper and Charles Conrad were to spend a record eight days in space.

Soon after the launch, Cooper and Conrad noted a problem that almost ended their flight early.  They discovered a drop in pressure in the fuel cells that supplied electricity.  These fuel cells powered the communicat